DEHP: Di-Ethyl-Hexyl-Phthalate

以下是我們家的一位化工博士朋友對最近台灣塑化劑風波,給我們的一點機會教育。跟大家分享一下。 起雲劑?塑化劑?怎麽活下去? 過去十天(2011年5月 20-29號)轟動臺灣最大的食品污染事件就是有毒物品發現在一些飲料裏面,之後,臺灣方面發現污染擴大達到8000多件產品,而且有些食品還外銷到上 海,香港,東南亞,以及美國。很多朋友還記得小弟我曾經拿過加州理工的化工博士,希望我來解釋一下到底這些化學名詞是什麽東東,以及以後要注意些什麽東 西,該怎麽活下去。首先我要說的是,諸君不要緊張,我在下面希望能夠以最簡單的話語,來告訴大家來龍去脈,請看官喝口水慢慢看: ========================= 什麽是“起雲劑”(Cloud Agent)? 起 雲劑是在製作飲料的過程當中,放入的一種可以食用的添加物。起雲劑的成分是以棕榈油,葵花油,香精,香油,醋酸等做成。目的是爲了要(1)產生乳化的粘稠 感覺,為飲料產生適當的濃度,(2)掩蓋不當的臭味異味。這個做法是快速攪拌,產生以水包油的乳化穩定,造成賣相好看的飲料。 什麽是“塑化劑”(Platicizer)? 在 講塑化劑之前,我先説明一下什麽是“塑膠”。塑膠就是是化學的聚合物。比如常聽到的“聚乙烯”(PE, Poly-Ethylene),或者“聚氯乙烯”(PVC,Poly-Vinyl-Chloride)。PE常見的就是超級市場用的塑膠袋,而PVC常見 的是保鮮膜。那麽爲什麽保鮮膜PVC會有點粘粘的呢?因爲相對于PE塑膠袋,PVC保鮮膜多了“氯”的成分,而因爲這個關係,“氯”這個元素可以讓塑膠增 加黏度。 那麽什麽又是“塑化劑”呢?簡單來説,塑化劑是另一種化學物質,叫做“鄰苯二甲酸 酯”(DEHP, Di-Ethyl-Hexyl-Phthalate)類的衍生物。塑化劑的名字由來,是因爲它常常會用來加入PVC保鮮膜的製造裏面,讓保鮮膜可以撕扯, 可以折疊,可以延展。但塑化劑這種東西對人體是有一定的毒性的,一般而言,人體每日可以承受 1.5 PPM (parts per million)的塑化劑吸收。 我為什麽要在這裡說這麽多有關“塑化劑”的知識?因爲是要讓 各位同學知道,塑化劑在日常的保鮮膜裏面都有。所以下列幾項使用保鮮膜須知,先讓同學們知道:(1)不可用保鮮膜覆蓋食物去微波加熱,因爲塑化劑會釋放出 來,然後溶入食物,(2)使用保鮮膜覆蓋食物的時候,盡量避免其接觸有油脂的食物。這是因爲塑化劑本身是一種有機化學物質,而有機物一般而言會溶解于油脂 裏面,(3)不要加熱塑料物品,因爲包括PVC之内的很多塑膠種類,比如塑膠杯子,還有塑膠玩具,都有加塑化劑。 臺灣這個禮拜到底發生了什麽事情? 簡單來説,在臺灣生産“起雲劑”的廠商,美其名,叫做“香料公司”。這些香料公司做出來的起雲劑,賣給中游及下游的飲料廠商,比如黑松飲料,統一飲料,還有 很多運動飲料公司,以及牛奶,豆漿飲料公司等等。過去這個禮拜,有臺灣的昱伸香料公司被發現,用有毒的“塑化劑”摻入本來應該無毒的“起雲劑”的製作。比 如在益生菌(優格產品)裏面,檢驗出含有600 PPM 的塑化劑,(而我們每個人每天生理的容忍度只是1.5 PPM)。所以這個問題很大。那爲什麽廠商要幹這種事情呢?因爲塑化劑DEHP也可以有起雲劑的作用,但是其成本只有起雲劑棕榈油的五分之一。所以這個昱 伸公司是個黑心廠商。據聞負責人今天已經被抓了。今天的另一個消息是,臺北的另一家“賓漢香料公司”也有類似的嫌疑,現在還在調查當中。賓漢香料可能在奶 油製品裏面有摻入塑化劑,而奶油製品又可能賣入麵包店,蛋糕店做成麵包和蛋糕。 影響所及的產品?什麽可以吃?什麽該考慮暫停購買? 目前盡量避免項目: 罐裝豆漿,所有運動飲料,所有桔子汁,罐裝茶,瓶裝茶,罐裝咖啡,優格產品,麵包,蛋糕,牛奶,奶類製品,冰淇淋等,所有的濃縮果汁,果醬成品等等。還有。。珍珠奶茶 - 包括波霸珍珠的製造,和奶精加料都可能遭受塑化劑的污染。 可以飲用飲料: 白汽水,可樂,自泡茶,現煮咖啡,現煮豆漿(如四海豆漿,永和豆漿,都OK啦) 女士們應該避免的美容產品: 若是你在臺灣,而且你的一切跟“油”有關的美容產品是在過去一年買的話,比如指甲油,卸妝用油等等,我建議都丟掉,過一陣子再買。

June 18, 2011 · 1 min · birdchan

phpMyAdmin navigation frame not resizable

If you have long database table names you may find it frustrating to use phpMyAdmin, having the end portion of many long tables names truncated. There is really no easy way to widen the navigation frame either… Your last option is to horizontally scroll right… Nooooooooooo…. OK, here is a little fix. The problem here is, there is nothing for you to grab to widen the left frame. That’s due to the fact that the frame border is set to 0. So to fix that, open up the index.php file, search for the first occurrence of frameborder, then change the frameborder variable to 1, or anything but 0. ...

June 7, 2011 · 1 min · birdchan

phpMyAdmin timeout after 1440 seconds

I keep getting this timeout error from phpmyadmin: " No activity within 1440 seconds; please log in again". @#%@#$@$@ So I decided to change that setting. Open up your config.inc.php file and add the following line: (If you don’t have config.inc.php, copy from config.sample.inc.php) $cfg['Servers'][$i]['LoginCookieValidity'] = 60 * 60 * 12; The above setting sets the timeout value to 12 hours in phpMyAdmin. If your server crashed and cannot load your phpmyadmin page, check your apache log at /var/log/apache2/error.log. If you got PHP Fatal error: Call to a member function get() on a non-object in /path/to/phpmyadmin/libraries/Header.class.php on line 135, then do a chmod 644 config.inc.php. that should take care of the error. ...

June 6, 2011 · 1 min · birdchan

Vim setting

Once again this is for my sanity. When using vi, I kept finding myself doing Ctrl-G just to know where I am in a particular file, i.e. which line number. To display that all the time, place the following settings in your ~.vimrc file. set number set ruler “set number” will place a vertical column on the left to show the line numbers. “set ruler” will place a bottom row to show the current line number and row number, plus where you are in the edited file in percentage. Very handy. ...

June 6, 2011 · 1 min · birdchan

tree

I didn’t know that osx doesn’t have the tree command, I guess I have been taking the linux dev env for granted. Here is a quick little guide to install tree from source. It will make your life a lot easier. http://shaunchapmanblog.com/post/329270449/how-to-install-the-tree-command-on-mac-os-x

June 6, 2011 · 1 min · birdchan

command prompt setting for my sanity

I have finally decided to change my usual command prompt setting to avoid countless times of typing pwd, ls -l, stuff like that. If you find yourself typing a lot of certain commands to just get the status of your current directory, then I suggest you to take a look at the following so you may save some typing in the long run. Here you go. I am using the bash shell btw. All changes should go into your local ~/.bash_profile . ...

June 4, 2011 · 3 min · birdchan

Shortcut for going to beginning or end of a line in osx

If you are coming from a PC background, your usual HOME and END keys won’t work, and you will have no choice but to use your mouse… Time to learn the osx shortcut keys! Command + Left-arrow move to the beginning of the current line. Command + Right-arrow move to the end of the line. Option + Left-arrow move to the beginning of the closest word Option + Right-arrow move to the end of the closest word ...

June 3, 2011 · 1 min · birdchan

Setting up mcrypt for php

I found a very detailed step-by-step guide to install the mcrypt php extension on snow leopard. It’s not as simple as doing an apt-get, so I am posting the link here for future reference. ;) http://michaelgracie.com/2009/09/23/plugging-mcrypt-into-php-on-mac-os-x-snow-leopard-10-6-1/

June 3, 2011 · 1 min · birdchan

Tune up an Innodb database

I found an excellent guide to tune up an Innodb database at http://www.mysqlperformanceblog.com/2007/11/01/innodb-performance-optimization-basics/. It got very practical info.

May 26, 2011 · 1 min · birdchan

mod rewrite

If you want to enable wordpress’ permalinks, it’s actually quite simple. Instead of displaying: http://birdchan.com/home/?p=2034 you can have it displayed as: http://birdchan.com/home/2011/05/25/mod-rewrite/ Picking the permalink format in the wordpress admin page is quite easy. The part that is a little tricky is on the server. Here are the steps: 1. If you have done it right, the .htaccess in your wordpress directory should look something like this: RewriteEngine On RewriteBase /home/ RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule . /home/index.php [L] 2. Then check your apache conf file. I am using ubuntu apache2 so your mileage may vary. Make sure you see the following settings enabled in /etc/apache2/sites-available/default ...

May 26, 2011 · 1 min · birdchan